Coke-oven



(No Model.) v 3 'sheetssheet 1'.

H. KENNEDY.

COKE OVEN.

Patented Mar. 1, 1892.

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(No Model.) 1 I 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. H. KENNEDY.

l COKE OVEN. No. 469,817. Patented Mr. 1, 1892.

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(No Model.) 3 sheets-sheet s. l

Y E11-KENNEDY.-

COKE QVBN;

No. 469,817. y Patented Mar. 1, 18192.

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o m y NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HUGH KENNEDY, OF SHARPSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

COKE-OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 469,817', dated March 1, 1892. Application filed November l, 1890. Serial No. $70,038. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern.-

Be it known that LHUGH KENNEDY, of Sharpsburg, in the Acounty of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and usefulY Improvement in Coke-Ovens, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 shows in front elevation two of my improved coke-ovens. Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof. Fig. 3 is a side elevation thereof. Fig. 4 is an enlarged vertical section of one of the ovens, the section plane being on the line IV IV of Fig. 6. Fig. 5 is a partial section on the line V V of Fig. 4, showing the oven-door. Fig. 6 is an enlarged plan view of the oven. Fig. 7 is a sectional detail View.

Like symbols of reference indicate like parts in each. Heretofore the common practice in making coke has been tocharge the coal into an ordinary bee-hive oven built as a permanent and fixed structure, and after igniting and coking the charge to cool it by watering and then to withdraw it for use. The disadvantages attending the useof such ovens are numerous. The Work of drawing the charge is very laborious to the workman and costly to the proprietors of the oven, and the sudden chilling of the oven, which results from Watering the coke-oven, is not only destructive to the structure, but by requiringthe coke at each charge to be reheated from a cold'state to a temperature sufficient to insure the coking of the coal materially retards the coking operation and makes it necessary to consume a greater amount of coal uselessly as fuel. These disadvantages and others which will be recognized by the skilled coke-maker have led to attempts to provide ovens in which the coke could be withdrawn Without watering in the oven, but hitherto such attempts generally in the line of moving the bottom of the oven with the coke thereon have not been sufficiently successful to warrant their general adoption in the art.

The object of my invention is to obviate these objections incident to the bee-hive ovens and to provide means whereby coal can be coked economically and rapidly and the coked charge withdrawn without need of Watering oven.

in the oven and without the usualmanual labor which has been not only laborious in itself, but also injurious to the coke and to the oven-Walls. To this end I use al coke-oven dome normally set over a coking licor or hearth, on which the charge within the oven is coked in the usual Way, which oven is movable laterally, so that at the conclusion of the operation it may be moved from the hearth, dragging the charge with it over an opening at which the charge drops from within the The oven is adapted then to be moved back over the hearth and to receive a new charge ot' coal, and as no watering in the oven or on the hearth is necessary both these parts remain hot, so that the newly-introduced charge is coked very much more rapidly than has been possible heretofore, and as the oven is saved from the sudden chilling and contraction caused bythe Watering operation its duration is very much prolonged.

Referring now to Figs. 8 and 4 of the drawings, 2 represents the permanent coke-oven hearth or o'or, which is preferably faced on top with brick banded or otherwise firmlysecured together and made as smooth as possible, so as to prevent injury when the oven is moved With the coke. 3 is the oven, consisting of a dome-shaped or bee-hive structure, preferably circular in cross-sectionopen at the bottom, and having a charging-hole 4 at the top. This oven is provided with Wheels 5, mounted on a. track 6, the rails of .which are arranged on said hearth .and extend beyond the same on an open frame or trestle 7, beneath which may be a track, on which cars maybe placed to receive the coke discharged from the oven. The body of the o ven is between the tracks and is so situate relatively to the hearth that its lower edge shall be almost in contact with the latter. Y

The operation of the oven is as follows: Vhen it is situate over the hearth 2, as shown in Fig. 3, it is charged with coal, which may be introduced through the hole 4 from a carS on an overhead track 9, which is supported by posts 9. The crevice between the lower edge of the oven and the hearth then may be luted with clay, and, the charge having been fired, the coking operation proceeds in the usual Way. At the end of the operation suitable traotion mechanism-such as a chain op- IOO erated by a drumis attached to the oven at 10 and the oven is drawn on its Wheels from the hearth over the trestle 7, dragging the coked charge with it on the hearth. Vhen the oven passes the hearth, the coke falls from within it into a car or other receptacle 11, situate below thetrestle, on thebottom of which may be some Water, the steam from which will cool the coke, or the coke may be cooled in the car by discharging water on it. This operation ot discharging the coke occupies butI a short time, and at its Vconclusion the oven is drawn back over the hearth by a traction-chain 12 and maybe at once recharged With coal and luted at the base, after which the coking proceeds as before. At the beginning of the second coking operation boththeqtvalls of the oven and the hearth are red-hot, the hearth being so thick and substantial that its heat is not easily lost by radiation, so that the coking of the coal begins vei'yrapidly and is much more thorough and produces a better quality of coke than Where the oven is cold atthe beginning of the work. In moving the oven to and from the hearth its Weightis supported by the Wheels, the friction of motion of which is so small that but little mechanical power is required for the operation of the apparatus. This fact constitutes an item of practical economy which enhances greatly the merits of the invention. InFigs'. l and 2 I show a plant consisting ot 'twlQ Such ovens set side by side, and it is obvious that I may make the hearth 2as long asr may be wished and may use any number f the' ovens. It is desirable in upractice to have in a plant oneor xnore'extra oven-domes, so' that if any of the ovens may need repair it may be drawn oft the hearth and the extra OYQU Snbstituted,`in which case the Work of coki'n g need not be interrupted and the hearth rieedfigi-lt to be allowed to cool.

In Figst, 5, and G I show the details of constructionof the oven-,dome as I prefer to make it; but I wisllrit to be understood'that'my inf Vlentio'n is notl limited'strictly thereto, since.

changeslnay be made in the form andrelative'arrangement of the parts. The coke-4 oyendome is built of brick-work in the inanner illustrated. The lower part, which, after the manner of the ordinary bee-hive oven, is cylindrical in form, is built in av castyron frame or jacket 13, having at its lower end aninivard'lyextending supportingtlange 14. For convenience inA manufacture this jacket is preferably made in sections bolted or riveted together, as shown, and at four opposite places on the jacket are cast sockets 15, in which I fix axles 16, on which the Wheels 5 are journaled, Fig. 7. One of the sections is also cast with an opening for the reception of a door-frame 17, Figs. 4t and 5. For the purpose of preventing loss of heat by radiation from the dome I prefer to employ a cylindrical metal shell 13', which extends upwardly from the frame 13 to about the level of the top of the dome 'and to fill in the space Within the shell with a non-heat-conducting material-such as clay, mineral wool, or other suitable substance-Which contributes materially to the eiiiciency of the oven.

Many changes in the shape of the oven and the means for imparting lateral motion to it and for guiding itin such motion will suggest themselves. Such changes I intend to cover by the broad claims of this specification.

I am aware that coke-ovens llwe been `flevised in which the hearth carrying the coked charge is moved from the oven. My oven is superior in operation to such` ovens in which the hearth, in order that it may be movable with proper facility, must be made so light that it will easily lose its heat when removed from the oven.

I claim-:-

1. In apparatus for cokingcoal, the combif nation of a stationary hearth on which the charge to be coked rests, an oven open at the bottom and set over said hearth with its sides extending to about the level thereof, and means for moving the oven laterally on the hearth, whereby the coked charge is dragged by the oven and removed from the hearth, said apparatus having a dumping place or drop in the path of motionof the oven, substantially as and for the purposes described.

2- 111 apparatus for @Oking Goal, the combination of a stationary hearth on which the charge to be coked rests, anoven open at the bottom, and set on Wheels over said hearth, with its sides extending to about the level thereof, means for moving the oven laterally on the hearth, anda dumping place or drop in the path of motion of the oven, whereby the `,coked charge isdragged by the oven and removedfrom the hearth, substantially as and =for the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 22nd day of October, A,D.1890.

HUGH KENNEDY.

Witnesses:

W. B. CORWIN, THOMAS W. BAKEWELL. 

